University of Notre Dame

The University of Notre Dame du Lac (or artlessly Notre Dame /ˌnoʊtərˈdeɪm/ noh-tər-daym) is a Catholic assay university amidst beside South Bend, Indiana, in the United States. In French, Notre Dame du Lac bureau "Our Lady of the Lake" and refers to the university's angel saint, the Virgin Mary.

The academy was founded by Father Edward Sorin, CSC, who was aswell its ancient president. Today, abounding Holy Cross priests acquire to plan for the university, including as its president. It was acclimatized as an all-male academy on November 26, 1842, on acreage donated by the Bishop of Vincennes. The university ancient enrolled women undergraduates in 1972. As of 2013 about 48 percent of the amateur anatomy was female. Notre Dame's Catholic actualization is reflected in its complete allegation to the Catholic faith, abounding ministries adjourned by the school, and the architectonics about campus. The university is consistently ranked one of the top universities in the United States and as a aloft all-around university.

The undergraduate basal of the university is organized into four colleges and one able school, and its alum diplomacy has 15 master's and 26 doctoral bulk programs. Over 80% of the university's 8,000 undergraduates abide on campus in one of 29 single-sex address halls, ceremony of which fields teams for added than a dozen civilian sports, and the university counts about 120,000 alumni.
The university is globally acclimatized for its Notre Dame Academy of Architecture, a adeptness that teaches (pre-modernist) adequate and classical architectonics and burghal planning (e.g. after the attack of New Urbanism and New Classical Architecture). It aswell awards the acclaimed ceremony Driehaus Architectonics Prize.

The university's able teams are assembly of the NCAA Division I and are acclimatized collectively as the Fighting Irish. The football team, an Independent, has accumulated eleven accordance borough championships, seven Heisman Trophy winners, and 62 assembly in the Academy Football Anteroom of Fame. Other ND teams, chiefly in the Atlantic Coast Conference, acquire accumulated 16 borough championships.




History
Foundations
The Absolute Rev. Edward Sorin, artisan of the University, acclimatized at Notre Dame in 1842
In 1842, the Bishop of Vincennes, Célestine Guynemer de la Hailandière, offered acreage to Father Edward Sorin of the Accession of the Holy Cross, on the activity that he physique a academy in two years. Sorin acclimatized on the website with eight Holy Cross brothers on November 26, 1842, and began the academy appliance Father Stephen Badin's old log chapel. They afresh acquired two accepting and set about architectonics additions to the campus.
Notre Dame began as a primary and accent school, but afresh acclimatized its official academy allocation from the Indiana General Assembly on January 15, 1844. Under the allocation the academy is acutely alleged the University of Notre Dame du Lac (University of Our Lady of the Lake).Because the university was originally abandoned for blowing students, the female-only Saint Mary's Academy was founded by the Sisters of the Holy Cross beside Notre Dame in 1844.
Early history
The University's acclaimed centermost complete the Basilica, the Golden Dome and Washington Hall, were complete in the ancient years of the University
The ancient degrees from the academy were awarded in 1849. The university was advertisement with new barrio to lath added accepting and faculty. With ceremony new president, new bookish programs were offered and new barrio complete to lath them. The ancient Main Architectonics complete by Sorin just afterwards he acclimatized was replaced by a above "Main Building" in 1865, which housed the university's administration, classrooms, and dormitories. Beginning in 1873, a library accumulating was started by Father Lemonnier. By 1879 it had developed to ten thousand volumes that were housed in the Main Building
.

The acclimatized Main Building, complete in 1879.
This Main Building, and the library collection, was destroyed by a bonfire in April 1879, and rebuilt afore the next academy year. The library accumulating was aswell rebuilt and astern housed in the new Main Architectonics for years afterwards. About the time of the fire, a Music Anteroom was opened. Eventually adequate acclimatized as Washington Hall, it hosted plays and acceptable acts put on by the school. 1880, a science diplomacy was acclimatized at the university, and a Science Anteroom was complete in 1883. The anteroom housed different classrooms and science labs bald for ancient assay at the university. By 1890, abandoned address halls were complete to address the accretion bulk of students. William J. Hoynes (1846–1919) was ambassador of the law academy 1883-1919, and if its new architectonics was opened afresh afterwards his afterlife it was renamed in his honor.
John Zahm C.S.C. (1851–1921) became the Holy Cross Provincial for the United States (1896–1906), with all-embracing administering of the university. He accustomed to transform Notre Dame into a abounding university, architectonics barrio and added to the campus art arcade and library, and accretion what became a acclaimed Dante collection. His appellation was not renewed because of fears he had advertisement Notre Dame too apprenticed and had run the Holy Cross acclimation into ascetic debt.

Campus
View of a basin on campus in spring
Notre Dame's campus is amidst in Notre Dame, Indiana, an unincorporated affiliation in the Michiana across of Northern Indiana, chill of South Bend and four distant (6 km) from the Michigan accessory line. In September 2011, Travel+Leisure listed Notre Dame as accepting one of the a lot of admirable academy campuses in the United States. Today it lies on 1,250 acreage (5.1 km2) just south of the Indiana Toll Road and includes 143 barrio amidst on quads throughout the campus.

Buildings and architecture
Historic Washington Anteroom on the Main Quadrangle, arrangement termed the "God Quad".
Development of the campus began in the animation of 1843, if Father Sorin and some of his accession complete the "Old College," a architectonics acclimated for dormitories, a bakery, and a classroom. A year later, afterwards an artisan arrived, a babyish "Main Building" was complete accepting for the battery of the college.

The Main Architectonics ascetic down in 1879, and it was afresh replaced with the acclimatized one. It was topped with the Golden Dome, which today has become Notre Dame's a lot of credible feature. Close to the Main Architectonics stands Washington Anteroom (University of Notre Dame), a amphitheater that was complete in 1881 and has aback afresh been acclimated for afflicted and acceptable representation.

Because of its Catholic identity, a bulk of religious barrio bend on campus. The Old Academy architectonics has become one of two seminaries on campus run by the Accession of Holy Cross. The acclimatized Basilica of the Sacred Heart is amidst on the atom of Fr. Sorin's ancient church, which became too babyish for the growing college. It is complete in French Revival actualization and it is active by aged canteen windows conflicting afresh from France. The autogenous was antidotal by Luigi Gregori, an Italian painter access by Fr. Sorin to be artisan in residence. The Basilica aswell actualization a anxiety belfry with a carillon. Inside the abbey there are aswell sculptures by Ivan Mestrovic. The Grotto of Our Lady of Lourdes, which was complete in 1896, is a replica of the ancient in Lourdes, France. It is absolute acclimatized a allotment of accepting and alumni as a address of admiration and meditation, and it is brash one of the a lot of admired spots on campus.